We have already seen functions and used them, but let's just get a refresher of them quickly.
package main
import "fmt"
func add(x, y int) (int, int) {
return x + y, x - y
}
func main() {
fmt.Println(add(2, 2))
}
a function can take one or more arguments. Here,
add()takes two parameters of type int.Also, as you can see, both parameters share the same type. Hence, we have omitted the first parameter
a's type and kept the last one.A function can return any number of results. as
add()function returns two results with type(int, int)
▶ go run ./functions.go
4 0
Named return values
Go's return values may be named. If so, they are treated as variables defined at the top of the function.
A return statement without arguments returns the named return values. This is known as a "naked" return.
package main
import "fmt"
func get() (x, y int) {
x = 2
y = 2
return
}
func main(){
fmt.Println(get())
}
which automatically returns x and y.
▶ go run ./naked.go
2 2
For
Go has only one looping construct, the for loop. The basic for loop has three components separated by semicolons:
for INITIAL; CONDITION; AFTER {
... ... ...
}
The init statement executes before the first iteration. condition statement executes before every iteration. And post/after statement executes at the end of every iteration.
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
sum := 0
for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
sum += i
}
fmt.Println(sum)
}
The init and post statements are optional.
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
sum := 1
for ; sum < 10; {
sum += sum
}
fmt.Println(sum)
}
For is go's while loop
You can just drop the semicolons.
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
sum := 1
for sum < 10 {
sum += sum
}
fmt.Println(sum)
}
if-else
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
num := 10
if num%2 == 0 {
fmt.Println("The number is even.")
} else {
fmt.Println("The number is odd.")
}
}
Variables declared by the statement are only in scope until the end of the if. and else block.
Let's wrap it up here, In the next blog, we will be looking at switch cases and defer statements.
See you soon!
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